Jens gabeiel feedeik lund



' PATENTED FEB, 23, 1904.

J. G. P. LUND. WALL 0R VAULT. APPLICATION FILED 00'r.13. 1903.

no MODEL;

z+ Inveninr:

Wicne as E s:

J. E- E L iEL- n Ar: :1 Em l gsf m: uonms PETERS w. FHOTALITHQ, wnsmu UNITED STATES Patented February 23, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

WALL OR VAULT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 752,694, dated February 23, 1904. Application filed October 13, 1903. Serial No. 176,910. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J ENs GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND, engineer, a citizen of the Kingdom of Norway, and a resident of Drammen, Norway,

. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls or Vaults, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of arches for walls, vaults, and other arched buildings.

In the construction and erection of vaults or arches with separate artificial stones, (tiles, pressed stones, bricks, &c.,) as hitherto employed, it was necessary either to abstain from the utilization of the strength of the stone against the simultaneous tension, pressure, and cutting effect, or else the-builder was obliged to take refuge in the use of mortar or the cramping together by means of metal order to obtain between the stones a close and firm connection, whereby both the pressure resistance, tension resistance, and cutting resistance of the stones are alike utilized. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates an arch in side elevation; Fig. 2, a portion thereof in plan. Fig. 3 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification. Fig. A is a cross-section of the vault. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate how the practical execution of the close and firm connection of the stones is obtained.

As will be seen from the drawings, the stones 8 are parallelepipedons; but on the two sides which run parallel with the plane of the section they are provided with a wedge-shaped feather or tongue 2 and a corresponding groove or mortise 3. The two other sides form fiat next row, and,'as illustrated in Fig. 4, the said feather 2 of the one block fits directly into the groove 3 of the next block Without interposd mortar or cement, whereby a close and firm connection is obtained. The space 5 may be filled up with any kind of material which is not required to have binding or supporting e fi'ect. It results from this construction that each block is held up, first, by the tongue 2 i of two of the adjacent blocks lying in bond one with another, and, second, by means of the projecting edges 4 of the groove of the blocks abutting thereupon. A block consequently can only fall down if it be broken along the line a b or be cut off along the line 0 d in Fig.

2, or the feathers 2 or the projections 4 must be either cut off or broken by bending. The

' vaulting therefore operates as an elastic arch,

the strength of which depends entirely upon the natural strength of the blocks and the absolute rigid binding, which binding is formed by the engaging tongues and grooves, which firmly engage with each other.

As will be understood, the most important feature of my invention is the firm and close connection of the blocks. In order to obtain this in a secure manner, the tongues 2 and grooves 3 are wedge-shaped, as above mentioned.

Fig. 5 shows a form of construction of the blocks. The construction shown in this figure is based upon the fact that the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues corresponds accurately to the inclination of the lateral faces of the grooves; further, that the distance it is greater than the distance 72, and that the length Z is greater than Z Hereby the inclined faces must engage each other on all 3 secured. The blocks may also be formed with a double tongue and corresponding double groove, as shown in Fig. 6.

Besides the above-named constructional requirements the following ones must be added:

- Z is greater than Z and k is greater than it.

structed for experimental purposes in this manner are very strong and satisfy every practical requirement.

Havingnow described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being wedgeshaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.

2, A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves,

breaking joints with the lines of division be- 4 tween each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the adjoining surfaces Zof the blocks being sloped, the tongues of each block being wedge-shaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm Without interposed mortar, metal or other material. v

3. A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directlya groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being formed as a double wedge and the grooves correspondingly formed, so that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature, this 17th day of August, 1903, in the presence of two witnesses.

JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND.

Witnesses A. LIEBERKNEoH'r, TH. EDEL. 

